SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL DE INCÊNDIO UTILIZANDO O FIRE DYNAMIC SIMULATOR (FDS) DO NIST
Wat sal jy leer?
Curso
FIRE DYNAMICS SIMULATOR (FDS) - Fundamentos Aplicados à Engenharia de Proteção Contra Incêndio
Público-Alvo
Engenheiros de Segurança,Engenheiros em Geral, Arquitetos, Oficiais do Corpo de Bombeiros.
Carga-Horária
8h/aula
Objetivo Geral
Promover a especialização técnico-profissional no domínio técnico quanto ao uso do software Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) e do SmokeView (SMV) do NIST ( National Institute of Standards and Technologies) para fins de modelagem de situações de incêndio e aplicação de sistemas de detecção e supressão de incêndios.
Objetivos Específicos
O participante ao final do curso deverá ser capaz de:
· Compreender o funcionamento do Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) e a parametrização de dados
· Interpretar os resultados no Smokeview (SMV)
· Aplicar os resultados das modelagens obtidas
Conteúdo
Módulo 1 - Introdução ao FDS
Módulo 2 - Primeira Simulação
Módulo 3 - Controle de Fumaça
Módulo 4 - Exemplo Ar Condicionado
Módulo 5 - Smokeview-Funções
Módulo 6 - Espalhamento Radial
Módulo 7 - Múltiplas Malhas
Módulo 8 - Incêndio em Escadas
Módulo 9 - Removendo Obstruções
Instrutor
Sérgio B. Araújo – T.Cel BM RR
Desenvolvimento do tema
· Apresentação de slides
· Apresentação de Vídeos
· Utilização de Planilhas de Cálculo
· Utilização de Software Especializado
Recursos didáticos
· Sala de Aula
· Acesso à Internet
· Notebook
· Projetor Multimídia
· Tela de Projeção
· Sistema de Som
· Tela Multimídia
· Mesa de Exercício
· Flip-Chart
· Utilização de Software FDS – Fire Dynamic Simulator e Smokeview
Avaliação
· Avaliação imediata pós curso com 25 questões (Sistema Resposta Rápida)
· Trabalho de Estudo Dirigido – Exercício de modelagem computacional de incêndio em ambiente
Bibliografia
FORNEY G P, “User’s Guide for Smokeview Version 5 - A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data”, NIST Special Publication 1017-1, 2007.
FORNEY G.P. Smokeview, A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data - Volume II: Technical Reference Guide - Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory, August 21, 2020
GISSI E,- An introduction to Fire Simulation with FDS and Smokeview – Rome, 2008
GROSSHANDLER.W. L. “RADCAL: A Narrow-Band Model for Radiation Calculations in a Combustion Environment”, NIST TN 1402; 52 p. April 1993.
HOTTEL. H C. Stimulation of Fire Research in the United States After 1940 (A Historical Account). Combustion Science and Technology, 39:1–10, 1984.
KORHONEN T, HOSTIKKA S, “Fire dynamics simulator with evacuation, version 5”, VTT Research notes, Espo (Finland), 2008.
MCGRATTAN K, BRYAN K, HOSTIKKA S, FLOYD J, “Fire dynamics simulator (version 5) Technical guide”, NIST Special Publication 1019-5, 2008.
MCGRATTAN K, HOSTIKKA S, FLOYD J, “Fire dynamics simulator (version 5) User guide”, NIST Special Publication 1019-5, 2008.
MCGRATTAN K., HOSTIKKA S., FLOYD J., MCDERMOTT R., VANELLA M. - Fire Dynamics Simulator User’s Guide , Sixth Edition, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland
MCGRATTAN K., HostikKA S., FLOYD J., MCDERMOTT R., VANELLA M. - Fire Dynamics Simulator - Technical Reference Guide - Volume 3: Validation, Sixth Edition, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland
MCGRATTAN K., HOSTIKKA S., FLOYD J., McDermoTT R., VANELLA M. - Fire Dynamics Simulator - Technical Reference Guide - Volume 2: Verification, Sixth Edition, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland
MCGRATTAN K., HOSTIKKA S., FLOYD J., MCDERMOTT R., VANELLA M. - NIST Special Publication 1018-4, Sixth Edition - Fire Dynamics Simulator, Technical Reference Guide - Volume 4: Software Quality Assurance - NIST Special Publication 1018-1 - Sixth Edition - August 21, 2020
MULHOLLAND. G.W., SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, chapter Smoke Production and Properties. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, 3rd edition, 2002
PURSER. D.A., SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, chapter Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, 3rd edition, 2002.
R.G. REHM and H.R. BAUM. The Equations of Motion for Thermally Driven, Buoyant Flows. Journal of Research of the NBS, 83:297–308, 1978.
SALES, Vitor H. ELABORAÇÃO DE ROTEIRO PARA UTILIZAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE FDS EM ESTUDOS DE SEGURANÇA CONTRA INCÊNDIOS EM EDIFICAÇÕES. 2018. 67 páginas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado). Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Campo Mourão, 2018.
WICKSTROM.U, D. DUTHINH D., MCGRATTAN K.B.. Adiabatic Surface Temperature for Calculating Heat Transfer to Fire Exposed Structures. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Interflam Conference. Interscience Communications, London, 2007.
Conteúdo
Módulo 1 - Introdução ao FDS
Módulo 2 - Primeira Simulação
Módulo 3 - Controle de Fumaça
Módulo 4 - Exemplo Ar Condicionado
Módulo 5 - Smokeview-Funções
Módulo 6 - Espalhamento Radial
Módulo 7 - Múltiplas Malhas
Módulo 8 - Incêndio em Escadas
Módulo 9 - Removendo Obstruções
GISSI E,- An introduction to Fire Simulation with FDS and Smokeview – Rome, 2008
SALES, Vitor H. ELABORAÇÃO DE ROTEIRO PARA UTILIZAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE FDS EM ESTUDOS DE SEGURANÇA CONTRA INCÊNDIOS EM EDIFICAÇÕES. 2018. 67 páginas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado). Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Campo Mourão, 2018.
Simulação de Incêndios por Fluidodinâmica Computacional
Uma comparação entre edificações residenciais com e sem Sprinkler
Bruno Polycarpo Palmerim Dias
NIST Special Publication 1019
Sixth Edition
Fire Dynamics Simulator
User’s Guide
Fire Dynamics Simulator
Technical Reference Guide
Volume 4: Software Quality Assurance
Kevin McGrattan
Simo Hostikka
Jason Floyd
Randall McDermott
Marcos Vanella
NIST Special Publication 1018-1
Sixth Edition
Fire Dynamics Simulator
Technical Reference Guide
Volume 1: Mathematical Model
Kevin McGrattan
Simo Hostikka
Jason Floyd
Randall McDermott
Marcos Vanella
NIST Special Publication 1018-3
Sixth Edition
Fire Dynamics Simulator
Technical Reference Guide
Volume 3: Validation
NIST Special Publication 1018-2
Sixth Edition
Fire Dynamics Simulator
Technical Reference Guide
Volume 2: Verification
NIST Special Publication 1017-2
Sixth Edition
Smokeview, A Tool for Visualizing
Fire Dynamics Simulation Data
Volume II: Technical Reference Guide
NIST Special Publication 1017-1
Sixth Edition
Smokeview, A Tool for Visualizing
Fire Dynamics Simulation Data
Volume I: User’s Guide
NIST Special Publication 1017-3
Sixth Edition
Smokeview, A Tool for Visualizing
Fire Dynamics Simulation Data
Volume III: Verification Guide
Manual do Usuário PyroSim 2022
&HEAD CHID='job1', TITLE='job1' /
&MESH XB= 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, IJK= 30, 40, 30 /
&TIME T_END=60. /
&DUMP NFRAMES=60 /
&VENT XB= 1, 2, 4, 4, 0, 2, SURF_ID='OPEN' / door
&VENT XB= 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, SURF_ID='OPEN' / window
&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE'
&OBST XB= 1, 2, 1.5, 2.5, 0, 0.5, COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&SURF ID='fire1', HRRPUA=250 /
&DEVC ID='T air 1', XYZ=1, 2, 2.8, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY = 2, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE'/
&TAIL /
&HEAD CHID='obst_removal', TITLE='obst_removal' /
&MESH XB= 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, IJK= 30, 40, 30 /
&TIME T_END=60. /
&DUMP NFRAMES=60 /
&VENT XB= 1, 2, 4, 4, 0, 2, SURF_ID='OPEN' / door
&VENT XB= 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, SURF_ID='OPEN' / window
&OBST XB= 2.9, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, TRANSPARENCY=0.9 ,RGB=160, 252, 255, DEVC_ID='control temperature'/
&DEVC ID='control temperature', QUANTITY = 'THERMOCOUPLE', XYZ = 2.8, 2.5, 1.5, SETPOINT=200, INITIAL_STATE=.TRUE. /
&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE'
&OBST XB= 1, 2, 1.5, 2.5, 0, 0.5, COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&SURF ID='fire1', HRRPUA=250 /
&DEVC ID='T air 1', XYZ=1, 2, 2.8, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&HEAD CHID='rad_spread_flat', TITLE='rad_spread_flat' /
&MESH XB=0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 3, IJK= 50, 50, 10 /
&TIME T_END=400. /
&VENT XB= 0, 10, 0, 10, 3, 3, SURF_ID='OPEN' /
&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE'
&VENT XB= 1, 9, 1, 9, 0, 0, SURF_ID='fire', XYZ= 4, 4, 0, SPREAD_RATE=0.1 /
&SURF ID='fire', HRRPUA=500, RAMP_Q='fireramp' /
&RAMP ID='fireramp', T= 0, F=0 /
&RAMP ID='fireramp', T= 1, F=1 /
&RAMP ID='fireramp', T=200, F=1 /
&RAMP ID='fireramp', T=201, F=0 /
&TAIL /
&HEAD CHID='rad_spread_obst', TITLE='rad_spread_obst' /
&MESH XB=0, 10, 0, 10, 0, 3, IJK= 50,50,10 /
&TIME T_END=400. /
&VENT XB= 0, 10, 0, 10, 3, 3, SURF_ID='OPEN' /
&REAC FUEL = 'PROPANE'
&OBST XB=0.8,2,0.8,2,0.4,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=2.6,3.8,0.8,2,0.8,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=4.4,5.6,0.8,2,1,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=6.2,7.4,0.8,2,0.2,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=8,9.2,0.8,2,0.6,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=0.8,2,2.6,3.8,0.8,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=2.6,3.8,2.6,3.8,0.6,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&OBST XB=4.4,5.6,2.6,3.8,0.2,0,COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&HEAD CHID='simple_vents', TITLE='simple_vents' /
&MESH XB= 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, IJK= 30, 40, 30 /
&SURF ID= 'OBST', RGB=150,150,150, DEFAULT=.TRUE./
&TIME T_END=60. /
&DUMP NFRAMES=60 /
&REAC ID = 'propane reaction',
SOOT_YIELD=0.03,
CO_YIELD=0.05,
FUEL='PROPANE'/
#### fire design
&OBST XB= 1.3, 1.7, 1.8, 2.2, 0, 0.5, COLOR='RED', SURF_ID='fire1' /
&SURF ID='fire1', HRRPUA=150 /
&HEAD CHID='staircase_fire_ox_VF',TITLE='staircase_fire_ox_VF'
&MESH ID='Mesh 01', IJK=28,16,144, XB=0,4.2,0,2.4,0,12.24/
&SURF ID= 'OBST', RGB=100,100,100, DEFAULT=.TRUE./ default obstructions color
&TIME T_END=480, /
&DUMP NFRAMES=7200./
&REAC ID = 'propane reaction',
SOOT_YIELD=0.03,
CO_YIELD=0.07,
FUEL='PROPANE'/
####stairs geometry
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,0,1.2,0,0.17,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,0,1.2,0.17,0.34,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,0,1.2,0.34,0.51,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,0,1.2,0.51,0.68,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,0,1.2,0.68,0.85,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,0,1.2,0.85,1.02,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,0,1.2,1.02,1.19,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,0,1.2,1.19,1.36,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3.3,4.2,0,2.4,1.36,1.53,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,1.2,2.4,2.72,2.89,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,2.55,2.72,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,1.2,2.4,2.38,2.55,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,1.2,2.4,2.21,2.38,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,1.2,2.4,2.04,2.21,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,1.2,2.4,1.87,2.04,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,1.2,2.4,1.7,1.87,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,1.2,2.4,1.53,1.7,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0,0.9,0,2.4,2.89,3.06,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,0,1.2,3.06,3.23,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,0,1.2,3.23,3.4,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,0,1.2,3.4,3.57,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,0,1.2,3.57,3.74,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,0,1.2,3.74,3.91,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,0,1.2,3.91,4.08,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,0,1.2,4.08,4.25,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,0,1.2,4.25,4.42,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3.3,4.2,0,2.4,4.42,4.59,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,1.2,2.4,5.78,5.95,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,5.61,5.78,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,1.2,2.4,5.44,5.61,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,1.2,2.4,5.27,5.44,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,1.2,2.4,5.1,5.27,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,1.2,2.4,4.93,5.1,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,1.2,2.4,4.76,4.93,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,1.2,2.4,4.59,4.76,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0,0.9,0,2.4,5.95,6.12,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,0,1.2,6.12,6.29,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,0,1.2,6.29,6.46,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,0,1.2,6.46,6.63,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,0,1.2,6.63,6.8,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,0,1.2,6.8,6.97,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,0,1.2,6.97,7.14,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,0,1.2,7.14,7.31,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,0,1.2,7.31,7.48,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3.3,4.2,0,2.4,7.48,7.65,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0.9,1.2,1.2,2.4,8.84,9.01,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,8.67,8.84,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.5,1.8,1.2,2.4,8.5,8.67,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=1.8,2.1,1.2,2.4,8.33,8.5,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.1,2.4,1.2,2.4,8.16,8.33,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.4,2.7,1.2,2.4,7.99,8.16,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=2.7,3,1.2,2.4,7.82,7.99,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=3,3.3,1.2,2.4,7.65,7.82,RGB=200,200,200/
&OBST XB=0,0.9,0,2.4,9.01,9.18,RGB=200,200,200/
####mesh opening
&VENT XB=1.8, 2.7, 0.9, 1.5, 12.24, 12.24, SURF_ID='OPEN'/
####fire design
&VENT XB= 0.3, 0.9, 1, 1.4, 0, 0, SURF_ID='FIRE'/
&SURF ID='FIRE', HRRPUA=500/
####outputs
#devc
&DEVC ID='ox1', XYZ=0.5,1.2,2, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox2', XYZ=3.6,1.2,3.53, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox3', XYZ=0.5,1.2,5.06, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox4', XYZ=3.6,1.2,6.59, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox5', XYZ=0.5,1.2,8.12, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox6', XYZ=3.6,1.2,9.65, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
&DEVC ID='ox7', XYZ=0.5,1.2,11.18, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='OXYGEN'/
#slices
&SLCF PBY = 1.2, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE'/
&SLCF PBY = 1.2, QUANTITY='VELOCITY', VECTOR=.TRUE./
&SLCF PBY= 1.2, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID= 'OXYGEN' /
&SLCF PBY= 1.2, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID= 'CARBON DIOXIDE' /
&SLCF PBY= 1.2, QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID= 'CARBON MONOXIDE' /
&TAIL /
LINK PARA DOWNLOAD DOS SOFTWARES
• Fire Dynamic Simulator e SmokeView
https://pages.nist.gov/fds-smv/downloads.html
• O Blender é o pacote de criação 3D gratuito e de código aberto. Ele suporta todo o pipeline 3D, da modelagem à visualização, e o BlenderFDS faz uso de suas ferramentas de modelagem 3D.
Download do Blender:
https://www.blender.org/download/
• Blender FDS
Plugin para o Programa Blender
https://blenderfds.org/
• B-RISK: Ferramenta de Modelagem de Incêndios (Nova Zelândia)
Projeto de segurança contra incêndio B-RISK: Projeto de ferramenta de incêndio. O B-RISK permite que os resultados da simulação de incêndio sejam apresentados de forma probabilística e permite que a variabilidade e a incerteza associadas às previsões do ambiente de incêndio sejam quantificadas.
https://www.branz.co.nz/fire-safety-design/b-risk/
